Uremic pruritus is widespread, burdensome, underreported, and inadequately treated in individuals receiving maintenance hemodialysis (HD). Prevalence estimates for uremic pruritus in this population range from 40% to 60%, and moderate to severe pruritus is associated with clinical depression, low sleep quality, poor perceptions of health-related quality of life (QoL), and increased risk for cardiovascular mortality.1-4 The mechanisms of uremic pruritus remain poorly understood, limiting the ability to develop safe and effective therapies.