Kidney transplantation is associated with improvement in quality of life and mortality as compared to remaining on dialysis. It is therefore the optimal treatment for kidney failure for most patients. While transplantation nephrologists typically care for the patient in the first 6 months posttransplantation, general nephrologists and internists often care for kidney transplant recipients after this period. Medical management of the kidney transplant recipient can be challenging, and primary care physicians and nephrologists may be unfamiliar with the medical nuances of caring for these patients.