CKD Progression: Teasing Out Contributions of Elements in the Human Exposome

Evidence exists that drivers for disease can occur across a wide scale, from genes to society. External exposures (eg, environment and lifestyle behaviors) interact with internal exposures (eg, biology and genetics) over a lifespan, forming what has been collectively referred to as the human “exposome.”1 One element of the exposome is socioeconomic conditions. Socioeconomic status (SES) has been shown to have a powerful influence on health. In terms of kidney health, studies differ regarding the relative contributions of individual versus neighborhood SES.