AJKD Atlas of Renal Pathology: Myoglobin Cast Nephropathy

Rhabdomyolysis, characterized by necrosis of muscle cells and the release of intracellular contents into the blood, is the etiology of acute kidney injury (AKI) in 7%-15% of all cases in the United States. Conversely, 15% to over 50% of patients with rhabdomyolysis develop AKI. Rhabdomyolysis is typically characterized by muscle pain, red-to-brown urine due to myoglobinuria, and elevated muscle enzymes, including creatine kinase (CK) in the blood. The severity of symptoms varies widely, and the condition may be asymptomatic in mild cases.