Dialysis is the most common treatment for chronic kidney failure, an increasingly prevalent condition. Dialysis imposes an enormous burden on patients and their families. Despite concerted efforts by clinicians and a number of clinical trials conducted in dialysis, clinical outcomes remain poor, with very high rates of morbidity and mortality. Critically, trials infrequently measure many outcomes that are most important to patients and their families, thereby potentially limiting the relevance of study findings and potentially impeding implementation in clinical practice.