Abstract

Aim

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of pentoxifylline on proteinuria and renal function in chronic kidney disease (CKD) treatment.

Methods

We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and ClinicalTrials.gov for randomized and non-randomized controlled trials comparing pentoxifylline to placebo, no treatment or renin-angiotensin system blockade in proteinuric CKD patients. The outcomes concerning proteinuria, renal function, blood pressure and adverse events were extracted.

Results

Twelve trials with 613 participants were identified. Pentoxifylline significantly decreased proteinuria [weighted mean difference (WMD) −0.60 g/day (95 % CI −0.84 to −0.36); p < 0.001] compared to placebo or no-treatment groups, but the decrease was not significant [WMD: 0.10 g/day (−0.34 to 0.54); p = 0.66] compared to captopril treatment. The decrease of glomerular filtration rate was significantly less [WMD: 3.67 ml/min (2.71–4.62); p < 0.001] in the pentoxifylline group than in the controls. There was no significant difference in serum creatinine [WMD: −0.03 mg/dl (−0.10 to 0.03); p = 0.28], diastolic blood pressure [WMD: 0.94 mmHg (−0.74 to 2.61); p = 0.27] and adverse events [RR: 0.89 (0.60 to 1.32); p = 0.56].

Conclusions

Pentoxifylline may decrease proteinuria and protect renal function in patients with CKD. Further studies are needed to confirm this result.