Nephrolithiasis has historically been considered as a common, painful, but isolated condition. In recent years, we have learned that nephrolithiasis is not simply an isolated urologic disease, but instead a disorder with systemic complications, including an increased risk for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therefore, it is mandatory for every nephrologist to be able to evaluate and treat patients with nephrolithiasis. This Core Curriculum outlines the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of nephrolithiasis.