Solid-organ transplantation is a life-changing and life-saving therapy for patients with various forms of end-organ disease. A dramatic increase in solid-organ transplantation is reflected by the approximately 31,000 transplants performed in the United States in 2015, which is double the number done in 1990. However, as with most therapies, there are consequences. Some are avoidable, whereas others may be inevitable. Clinicians caring for transplant recipients are tasked with preventing as many complications as is feasible in order to improve quality of life and reduce mortality for these patients. Solid-organ transplantation is associated with an increased incidence of cancer development when compared to the general population.