Contrast-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common iatrogenic complication associated with increased health resource utilization and adverse outcomes, including short- and long-term mortality and accelerated progression of underlying chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although the causal nature of these associations is not established, these findings underlie past and ongoing efforts to identify interventions to reduce patients’ risks for this condition. Contrast-associated AKI is potentially preventable because high-risk patients often are identifiable by the presence of underlying comorbid conditions such as CKD, the precise timing of the kidney insult is known in advance, and most contrast-enhanced procedures are performed nonemergently with ample time to implement prophylactic measures.