Urinary lipid bilayer–bound extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released from all nephron segments under both physiologic and pathologic conditions1,2 and carry cytoplasmic protein, lipids, and microRNAs (miRs). Accumulating evidence implicates miRs in kidney injury and BP control,3-6 but whether miR levels are altered in kidneys exposed to hypertension of different causes remains unclear. We tested the hypothesis that urinary EVs show different expression of selected miRs in essential (EH) and renovascular hypertension (RVH) and in healthy volunteers (HVs).