All-trans retinoic acid inhibits mesangial cell proliferation by up-regulating p21Waf1/Cip1 and p27Kip1 and down-regulating Skp2.
Conclusion: ATRA inhibited TGF-beta1-induced mesangial cell proliferation by up-regulating p21Waf1/Cip1 mRNA and protein levels, and p27Kip1 protein level, and down-regulating Skp2 mRNA and protein levels, but it had no significant effect on apoptosis in rat mesangial cells.
PMID: 22344541 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Nephrology)