Authors: Meola M, Petrucci I, Cupisti A
Abstract
Secondary hyperparathyroidism (sHPT) is one of the most common and serious complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). In sHPT, the biology of parathyroid cells changes significantly toward diffuse and nodular hyperplasia. Diagnosis and treatment of sHPT are based on intact parathyroid hormone (i-PTH) serum levels and on the parameters of mineral metabolism. The morphological diagnosis of sHPT relies on 2 complementary imaging techniques: high-resolution ultrasonography with color Doppler imaging (US/CD) and 99mTc-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) scintigraphy. The main objective of this review is to stimulate nephrologists to use US/CD of the parathyroid glands during the progression of CKD in or...