Hematuria is a frequent clinical finding in primary care, nephrology, and urology clinics. Accurate diagnosis after a positive dipstick requires confirmation with urine microscopy, with the American Urological Association (AUA) guidelines defining significant microscopic hematuria as ≥3 red blood cells per high-power field. Hematuria warrants careful evaluation to distinguish between glomerular and nonglomerular etiologies, with attention to risk factors for malignancy to ensure timely diagnosis.