Protein is a unique, essential component of our diet. There is currently great emphasis on high-protein diets, not only in the commercial food market and on social media but also in the scientific literature, with continuous debate on the need for changing current protein recommendations, in particular for older adults. Here we provide an updated perspective on the debate on high protein intake for maintaining muscle mass and function, with a focus on people who are affected by kidney disease. Several conditions such as aging, inactivity, and many chronic conditions including dialysis-treated chronic kidney disease are characterized by anabolic resistance—the need to ingest higher amounts of protein to maximally stimulate muscle protein synthesis.