Plasma metabolomics improves prognostic prediction of chronic kidney disease: evidence from a large-scale population-based prospective cohort study

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major global health concern associated with increased mortality and cardiovascular events. Traditional clinical models fail to capture the complex metabolic disturbances in CKD progression. This study aimed to assess the value of circulating Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) metabolic biomarkers in predicting all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in CKD patients.