Patients on hemodialysis (HD) commonly report poor nutritional status, which is associated with negative clinical outcomes. The aim of the “Hemodialysis Anorexia Sarcopenia Protein-Energy Wasting” (H.A.S.PEW) study was to determine the prevalence of protein-energy wasting (PEW) syndrome, to explore associations between PEW, anorexia, and sarcopenia, as well as to assess the diagnostic accuracy of phase angle (PhA) from bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in predicting PEW in patients on HD.