Protein is a unique, essential component of our diet. There is currently great emphasis on high protein diets, not only in the commercial food market and social media, but also in the scientific literature, with a continuous debate on the need of changing current protein recommendations, in particular in older adults. Here we provide an updated perspective on the debate on high protein intakes for maintaining muscle mass and function, with focus on people who are affected by kidney diseases. Several conditions such as aging, inactivity, and many chronic conditions including dialysis-treated chronic kidney disease are characterized by anabolic resistance, i.e.