Advancing Artificial Intelligence in Renal Nutrition: The Need for Culturally Adaptive, Equity-Focused Frameworks Beyond Retrieval-Augmented Generation

We read with great interest the article by Gencer Bingol et al.1 published in the Journal of Renal Nutrition (volume 35, issue 3, 2025), which evaluated the accuracy of large language models (LLMs) including GPT-4, Gemini, and Llama, as well as a retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) model, in determining dietary principles for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Their study represents an important contribution to the nascent field of artificial intelligence (AI)-powered renal nutrition support and aligns with the journal's emerging focus on AI applications in this domain, as highlighted in the accompanying editorial by Moore.