Kidney stones are common, affecting 10%-15% of the population.1 The foundation for the current therapy to prevent kidney stones is based on the principle that supersaturation of solutes in the urine predisposes to crystal and ultimately stone formation. One or more risk factors for kidney stone formation are frequently identified from 24-hour urine studies. Our therapies, therefore, have depended on interventions to alter the solute content and concentration of the urine through lifestyle and/or pharmacologic means with the ultimate goal of decreasing stone formation.