Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, multi-organ autoimmune disease, with lupus nephritis (LN) affecting up to 60% of patients. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical for preserving kidney function. Advances in understanding the immunopathogenesis of LN are driving the development of personalized treatment strategies which hold promise for transforming disease management through interventions targeting distinct immunologic and histopathologic features. In this review, we discuss current and emerging therapies for proliferative and membranous LN, with a focus on strategies targeting underlying mechanisms of disease in LN.