Gastrointestinal Mucosal Cell Injury Caused by Sevelamer Crystals: Case Series and Literature Review

In end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), hyperphosphatemia occurs secondary to decreased renal elimination with continued intestinal absorption of dietary phosphate. Even in chronic kidney disease, glomerular filtration rate lower than 30 mL/min markedly decreases the filtration of inorganic phosphate and increases its serum level. Sevelamer, a noncalcium phosphate binder, is commonly used to control hyperphosphatemia. Available in 2 forms, sevelamer hydrochloride and sevelamer carbonate, it absorbs phosphate in the gastrointestinal tract and is known to have minimal adverse effects.