This comprehensive review aimed to provide an update regarding amino acid/protein losses in maintenance haemodialysis/haemodiafiltration (HD/HDF), peritoneal dialysis (PD), home HD (HHD) and nocturnal HD (NHD). From 2000 to 2024, all records that measured amino acid, peptide/protein losses in the dialysate effluent were included.Twenty-nine eligible records were identified (14 HD/15 PD). Amino acid losses ranged from 9.3±2.9g to 12.0±2.0g per four-hour HD session, and 0.314g to 0.522g/day in PD.