Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare opportunistic infection caused by the JC virus,1 leading to death within 12 months of symptom onset in approximately 40% of cases.2 The therapeutic strategy relies on restoring immunity by withdrawing immunosuppressive medications. The characteristics and prognosis of PML in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) remain poorly studied. Treatments such as PD-1 blockade,3 interleukin 2 (IL-2),4 or IL-75 have been evaluated, but most studies lack statistical power or are not comparative.