Abstract

Background

The connection between gut dysbiosis and chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been recognized, but, the effect of dietary intake of live microbes on the prognosis of CKD is still unclear. This analysis examined the relationship of dietary live microbe intake with mortality among adults with CKD.

Methods

For this study, information was gathered from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2018, which included 8725 adult participants with CKD. MedHi refers to the live microbial content of food beyond 10⁴ CFU/g. To elucidate the link between MedHi dietary live microbe intake and mortality from all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD), we implemented a weighted multivariate Cox regression analysis.

Results

In contrast to survivors, non-survivors had a lower intake of dietary live microbes. The findings from the multivariable model indicated a negative and linear relationship between an increment of 100 g in MedHi foods and reduced mortality from all-causes and CVD. Likewise, participants in the highest MedHi food group exhibited a 20% and 26% decreased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality, respectively, compared to those in the lowest MedHi food group. Stratified analyses conducted on various subgroups yielded consistent findings.

Conclusion

A significant inverse linear relationship was found between high dietary live microbe consumption and reduced all-cause and CVD mortality.

Graphical abstract