Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with an increased risk for cognitive impairment;1,2 depending on its definition, the estimated prevalence of cognitive decline in CKD patients is reported to be from 30% to 60%.2 Of note, there is a strong bidirectional relationship between CKD and cognitive decline, which is crucial at bedside: (1) the level of kidney function influences the monitoring and treatment of patients and (2) the neuro-cognitive decline impairs patient's access and adherence to CKD treatment modalities, in predialysis as for the kidney replacement therapies.