Health literacy (HL) encompasses an individual's ability to access, understand, and integrate health-related information. Routine use of functional, critical, and communicative HL screening questionnaires shows promise in identifying those at risk for poor clinical outcomes. Although it is evident that low levels of HL are associated with poor clinical outcomes in end-stage renal disease, it is unclear how varying HL levels are associated with nutrition-specific adherence. Here, we present a summary of literature published between 2018 and 2023 examining relationships between HL and nutrition-related adherence among individuals on hemodialysis.