Authors: Wei K, Yin Z, Xie Y
Abstract
The relationship between the kidney and bone is highly complex, and the kidney plays an important role in the regulation of bone development and metabolism. The kidney is the major organ involved in the regulation of calcium and phosphate homeostasis, which is essential for bone mineralization and development. Many substances synthesized by the kidney, such as 1,25(OH)2D3, Klotho, bone morphogenetic protein-7, and erythropoietin, are involved in different stages of bone formation, remodeling and repair. In addition, some cytokines which can be affected by the kidney, such as osteoprotegerin, sclerostin, fibroblast growth factor -23 and parathyroid hormone, also play important roles in bone metabolism. In this paper, we summarize the possible ef...