APOL1 (OMIM 603743) encoding apolipoprotein L1 (apoL1) is an evolutionarily new gene found only in humans and some primates with key roles in innate immunity against African trypanosomiasis.1,2 Two African ancestry–related APOL1 gain-of-function haplotypes, G1 and G2, individually confer enhanced protection against human African trypanosomiasis.3,4 Non-G1, non-G2 haplotypes are referred to as the G0, reference, or the wild-type allele.5 In a landmark discovery, the recessively inherited higher risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with the in-trans combinations of these 2 APOL1 haplotypes (G1/G1, G2/G2, or G1/G2 termed APOL1 high-risk genotype) when compared to the low-risk genotype (G0/G0, G0/G1, or G0/G2) was described.