Abstract

Background

Kidney failure has been associated with decreased physical capacity, although evidence regarding the physical performance of individuals with earlier stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains limited.

Methods

Cross-sectional data were derived from the prospective, population-based Maastricht Study. Multivariate linear regression models were fitted to assess the association of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria categories with physical performance test outcomes.

Results

Overall, 7396 participants were included. Compared to eGFR 60–90 ml/min/1.73 m², values < 60 ml/min/1.73 m² were associated with significantly shorter 6-min walk distance (β: − 13.04 m, 95% confidence intervals-CI − 19.95; − 6.13), worse timed chair rise stand test time (β: 0.91 s, 95% CI 0.36; 1.47), lower maximal grip (β: − 0.83 kg, 95% CI − 1.50; − 0.15) and elbow flexion (β: − 3.64 Nm, 95% CI − 7.11; − 0.16) strength. Additionally, eGFR > 90 ml/min/1.73 m² was linked to significantly shorter 6-min walk distance (β: − 6.13 m, 95% CI − 9.44; − 2.82). Urinary albumin excretion > 30 mg/24 h was associated with shorter 6-min walk distance (β: − 12.48 m, 95% CI − 18.28; − 6.68), worse timed chair rise stand test time (β: 0.51 s, 95% CI 0.11; 1.06), lower maximal grip (β: − 1.34 kg, 95% CI − 1.91; − 0.76) and elbow flexion strength (β: − 3.31 Nm, 95% CI − 5.80; − 0.82).

Conclusions

Reduced eGFR and higher albuminuria levels were associated with worse physical performance, especially shorter 6-min walk distance and lower muscle strength. The relationship between eGFR and physical function was non-linear, with also high eGFR values being associated with worse performance, especially in the six-minute walk test.

Graphical abstract