Patient Reported Outcome Measures for Patients With CKD: The Case for Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Tools
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), kidney failure and kidney replacement therapies are associated with high symptom burden and impaired health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL). Symptoms change with disease progression, or transition between treatment modalities, and frequently go unreported and unmanaged. Tools that reliably monitor symptoms may improve management of patients with CKD. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) assess symptom severity, physical, psychological, social and cognitive functioning, treatment-related side-effects, and HRQOL.