There continues to be rapid advancement in our understanding of the pathogenesis of immune-mediated kidney disease. This progress has culminated in the development of multiple therapeutic agents that have consistently improved renal and patient outcomes. The focus of this review is to discuss these recent advancements in immune-mediated kidney disease via the lens of direct and indirect immune-mediated mechanisms. In the direct immune-mediated disease, recently described antigens in anti–glomerular basement membrane (GBM) disease and membranous nephropathy are discussed, along with new therapeutic regimens in membranous nephropathy and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.