Recent omics-based studies have helped elucidate the influence of gut microbiota on human health and disease. The diverse community of microorganisms that inhabit the human intestine has essential roles in host immunity and producing numerous bioactive metabolites that influence the host metabolism. Interesting, chronic metabolic disorders, despite their specifics, shared abnormalities in the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota, which can be associated with a low-grade chronic inflammation that is characteristic of disease phenotypes.